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Unitara Bahaismo

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L'Unitara Bahaismo esas l'interpretado di Bahaa Kredo - religio karakterizata per foko sur individuala libereso di kredo vice l'autoritato di Bahaa chefi ed institucuri, ne ligita kun la fako dil Bahaa Kredo kun sideyo en Haifa. Historiale, olu komencis existar pos la morto dil profeto Bahá'u'lláh en 1892, kande skismo eventis inter du ek lua filii[1], til adminime 1937, kande la duesma filio Mírzá Muhammad Ali mortis. nun Unitara Bahaismo rivivigesas per l'Unitara Bahaa Asociuro, Usana neprofital organizuro fondita en marto 2010.

Unitara Bahaani judikas Báb e Bahá'u'lláh kom inspirita spiritala instruktanti. Li judikas `Abdu’l-Bahá e Mirza Muhammad Ali kom sucedinti di Bahá’u'lláh[2]. Li judikas ke la stando di Shoghi Effendi kom legitima Gardanto di Bahaa Kredo esas dubitinda, e li ne regardas la Universala Domo di Justeso kun sideyo en Haifa, Israel, kom autoritato quan li mustas sequar.

Historio dil Unitara Bahaismo

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L'unesma Unitara Bahaano esis Mírzá Muhammad `Alí[3], anke konocata kom Ghusn-i-Akbar (“la maxim granda brancho”), duesma filio di Bahá’u'lláh. La testamento di Bahá’u'lláh nomizis `Abdu’l-Bahá, la maxim evanta filiulo quale sua sucedinto, e asertis ke la stando di Ghusn-i-Akbar esis nemediate dope la di `Abdu’l-Bahá. Nulu altra filio di Bahá’u'lláh mencionesis en la testamento. `Abdu’l-Bahá e Mírzá Muhammad Alí ne konsentis pri quant autoritato la testamento di Bahá’u'lláh donis a `Abdu’l-Bahá, e lia disputo rapide divenis personala e transformesis en familiala[4] milito, qua esis deskriptita segun diversa vidopunti inkluzite ti da `Abdu’l-Bahá en sua propra testamento[5], Mírzá Muhammad Alí en Unitara Bahaa magazino[6], Shoghi Effendi (nepo e sucedanto di `Abdu’l-Bahá) en sua libro God Passes By[7], e William McElwee Miller, kristana ministro qua kompozis libro kritika kontre la Bahaa Kredo[8].

La maxim granda parto dil familio di Bahá’u'lláh suportis la latero di Ghusn-i-Akbar, inkluzite la du transvivinta spozini di Bahá’u'lláh, Fatima e Gawhar, e omna sua infanti. Tamen, la filiino di Bahá’u'lláh Bahiyyih Khánum, ek sua unesma forpasinta spozino Ásíyih Khánum, e la maxim multa Bahaani suportis l'idei de `Abdu’l-Bahá. La subtenanti di Mírzá Muhammad `Alí su nomizis “Unitarani” nam li substrekis la Islamala koncepto di tawhid, la Unikeso di Deo e absoluta interdikto pri kunigar partneri kun Deo (konocita quale unitarianismo inter kristani)[9]. Li esis exkomunikita e deklarita rupteri dil Interligo per `Abdu’l-Bahá pro lua refuzo pri obediar il, e aceptar ilua kompreno di la religio[10].

Ibrahim George Kheiralla, Siriano kristana qua konvertis su al Bahaa Kredo, enmigris a Usa e fondis l'unesma Usana Bahaa komunitato[11][12]. Komence, ilu esis loyala a `Abdu’l-Bahá, ma lu opinionis ke `Abdu’l-Bahá esis la riveno di Kristo, e kande `Abdu’l-Bahá lerneskis ke to divenis la vasta kompreno dil Bahaani en Usa, lu esforcis korektigar la eroro, segun la Bahaa skriptisto Peter Smith[13]. Plu tarde, Kheiralla chanjis latero en la konflikto inter la filii di Bahá’u'lláh e subtenis Mírzá Muhammad `Alí. Lu formacis la Societo di Behaisti, religiala brancho promocianta Unitara Bahaismo, qua komandesis pos sua morto da Shuaullah Behai, filio di Mírzá Muhammad Ali[14].

Shuaullah Behai, la maxim evanta nepo di Bahá’u'lláh, enmigris a Usa en junio 1904 prege di sua patro, Mírzá Muhammad `Alí[15]. Lu publikigis Unitara Bahaa magazino titulizita Behai Quarterly dum tri yari, de 1934 til 1937, en la angla linguo, qua citis la skriburi da Ghusn-i-Akbar e multa altra Unitara Bahaani, inkluzite lu ipsa, Kheiralla, Mírzá Majdeddin (nevo e bofilo di Bahá’u'lláh), e plura altra usani. La Unitara Bahaismo di ta periodo semblas esar desaparinta pos la morto di Ghusn-i-Akbar, tamen olu durante existis adminime inter idoj di Bahá’u'lláh tra la posa spozini[16].

Moderna Unitara Bahaani

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Nigar Bahai Amsalem, la antenepino di Bahá’u'lláh e nepino di ambe Mírzá Muhammad `Alí (Ghusn-i-Akbar) e la maxim yuna filio di Bahá’u'lláh Badiullah, subtenas Unitara Bahaismo e esis intervyuita dum 2006 en la Israelana informfilmo Baha’is In My Backyard[17]. Elu konstruktis santeyo en la tombo di sua avo, Mírzá Muhammad Ali, e kontreas la brancho kun sideyo en Haifa.

L'Unitara Bahaani nun esforcas rivivigar la skolo di penso da Ghusn-i-Akbar, dum ke anke agnoskanta la pozitiva kontribuuri da `Abdu’l-Bahá al Bahaa religio[18]. Moderna Unitara Bahaismo esas kompreno qua substrekas la uneso e transcendeso di Deo, la homeso e limiti di omna religiala chefi inkluzite la profeti, la importanteso di inkluzeso e toleremeso inter sequanti di Bahá'u'lláh e homi di omna kredi, e la responso dil Bahaani engajesar en politiko e sociala kauzi[19].

Moderna Unitara Bahaani tolereme e inviteme konsideras certa tipi di homi qui esas suspekteme regardita o mem ekpulsita dil majoritata Bahaa Kredo. To inkluzas lesbiani, geyi, bisexui, transsexui ed altra, mariajiti e necelibi, ti qui aktive partoprenas en politiko, omna habitanti di Israel, omna decedanti de Bahá'u'lláh e kredanti en Islamala landi qui celas sua religio e extere praktikas islamo[20].

Plura Unitara Bahaani nun esas membri o subtenanti dil Universalista Unitara Asociuro e partoprenas en olua kunveni[21][22].

Referi

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  1. ↑ Bjorling, Joel (1985). The Baha’i Faith: A Historical Bibliography (Garland Reference Library of the Humanities, Vol 223). Scholarly Title. pp. 131-133. ISBN 978-0824089740. http://books.google.com/books?id=ra3gAAAAMAAJ.
  2. ↑ Mirza Majdeddin. “Brief Behai History” Behai Quarterly. Volume III, No. 1 & 2, 1936, p. 20. http://www.h-net.org/~bahai/docs/vol8/32BQ20.gif
  3. ↑ Bjorling, Joel (1985). The Baha’i Faith: A Historical Bibliography (Garland Reference Library of the Humanities, Vol 223). Scholarly Title. pp. 131-133. ISBN 978-0824089740. http://books.google.com/books?id=ra3gAAAAMAAJ.
  4. ↑ Browne, Edward Granville. Materials for the Study of the Babi Religion. http://books.google.com/books?id=SuU8AAAAIAAJ
  5. ↑ `Abdu’l-Bahá. Will and Testament of `Abdu’l-Bahá. https://web.archive.org/web/20100104190023/http://bahai-library.com/file.php?file=abdulbaha_will_testament
  6. ↑ Behai, Shuaullah. “My Interview with Ghusni Akbar Mohammed Ali Behai, The Eldest Living Son of Beha U’llah.” Behai Quarterly. Volume IV, No. 1 & 2, 1937, p. 17. http://www.h-net.org/~bahai/docs/vol8/42BQ17.gif
  7. ↑ Rabbani, Shoghi Effendi. God Passes By. http://bahai-library.com/file.php?file=shoghieffendi_god_passes_by
  8. ↑ Miller, William McElwee (1974). The Baha’i Faith: Its History and Teachings. William Carey Library. ISBN 9780878081370. http://books.google.com/books?id=gc3_6HVvZzkC.
  9. ↑ Baha’u'llah; Browne, Edward Granville (1898, 1918). Mirza Javad Qazvini, Risalih. (Epitome of Babi and Baha’i History). Cambridge University Press. p. 61. http://www.h-net.org/~bahai/diglib/books/A-E/B/browne/material/qazvini.htm.
  10. ↑ Momen, Moojan. “The Covenant, and Covenant-breaker”. A Short Encyclopedia of the Baha’i Faith (draft). http://bahai-library.com/?file=momen_encyclopedia_covenant.
  11. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20151117025553/http://www.countyhistorian.com/cecilweb/index.php/Ibrahim_George_Kheiralla
  12. ↑ Garlington, William (2005). The Baha’i Faith in America. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 978-0742562349.
  13. ↑ Smith, Peter (2004). “The Baha’i Faith in the West”. Bahá’ís in the West. Kalimat Press. pp. 4, 7. ISBN 9781890688110. http://books.google.com/books?id=x7wyJdyE60oC&lpg=PA13&ots=30IjH_BoUp&lr&pg=PA4#v=onepage&q&f=false.
  14. ↑ Behai Quarterly. Digitally reprinted at http://www.h-net.org/~bahai/docs/vol8/bq.htm. See Volume I, No. 1, p. 11: http://www.h-net.org/~bahai/docs/vol8/11BQ11.gif. See Volume IV, No. 1 & 2, p. 23: http://www.h-net.org/~bahai/docs/vol8/42BQ23.gif
  15. ↑ Behai, Shu’a'ullah (1934-1937). “Documents on the Shaykhi, Babi and Baha’i Movements”. Behai Quarterly 8 (2). http://www.h-net.org/~bahai/docs/vol8/bq.htm
  16. ↑ Bahá’í: Studies in Contemporary Religion, (Schisms Since the Bab, p64) by Margit Warburg ISBN 1-56085-169-4
  17. ↑ Bahais in My Backyard, A Belfilms Production. firsthandfilms.com. http://www.firsthandfilms.com/index.php?film=1000184
  18. ↑ “Ghusn-i-Akbar, the First Unitarian Bahai - Part 1: The Facts”. UU Bahai.com. March 30, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20110717181356/http://www.uubahai.com/2010/03/ghusn-i-akbar-part-1-the-facts/
  19. ↑ “A liberal, all-inclusive worldwide Bahai faith community”. The Unitarian Bahai Association. https://web.archive.org/web/20171028135404/http://unitarianbahai.org/
  20. ↑ “Differences Between the Unitarian and Haifan Bahai Faith”. The Unitarian Bahai Association. https://web.archive.org/web/20110728143946/http://www.unitarianbahai.org/differences.html
  21. ↑ “Unitarian And Bahai”. The Unitarian Bahai Association. https://web.archive.org/web/20110728144005/http://www.unitarianbahai.org/teaching/uandb.html
  22. ↑ “A Fellowship within the Unitarian-Universalist Association” - Publikigita da Unitarian-Baha’is. 

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